[Narrator] Previously on "The Titans That Built America," [旁白] 《缔造美国的巨人》前集提要。
a car rivalry has turned into a skyscraper war. 一场汽车之争，已经演变成一场摩天大楼之战。
So we'll be four feet taller. 所以我们会高四英尺。
Chrysler could stick an umbrella on top and say he's taller. 克莱斯勒可以在上面撑一把伞，然后说他更高。
[Narrator] But the Depression has threatened to destroy their proudest achievements. [旁白] 但是大萧条威胁着要毁掉他们，最引以为傲的成就。
Mr. Morgan, what's happening?! 摩根先生，发生什么事了?!
The worst is over. 最坏的时刻，已经结束了。
Everything's gonna be okay. 一切都会好起来的。
I'm shutting Ford Aviation down. 我要关掉福特航空。
But we have orders! 但我们还有订单！
Could be huge! 可能还是个大订单！
Edsel, it's over. 埃德塞尔，它结束了。
[Narrator] President Roosevelt works to build back the nation,commissioning the Hoover Dam [旁白]罗斯福总统致力于重建国家，启用胡佛大坝项目，
and systematically attacking the titans. 系统地攻击寡头们。
Did you manipulate the stock market for your own gains? 你有没有为了自己的利益，操纵股市?
Yes; no. 是的，没有。
-William Boeing? -What's this? -威廉.波音吗？ -这是什么？
[Narrator] Turning them into bitter enemies. [旁白] 把他们变成死敌。
You are nothing short of a war profiteer,a merchant of death. 你简直就是一个战争投机商，一个死亡商人。
[Narrator] But when America is threatened by German aggression, [旁白] 但是当美国受到德国侵略的威胁时，
FDR needs their help to defend the nation. 罗斯福需要他们的帮助，来保卫国家。
No country in Europe would stand a chance against Germany. 欧洲没有哪个国家，有机会对抗德国。
(explosion booming) [爆炸声响起]
Neither would America. 美国也不行。
[Narrator] Now, the titans will have to [旁白]现在，泰坦们必须在
choose between their hatred of the president and saving the world. 对总统的仇恨和拯救世界之间，做出选择。
(reverent music) [虔诚的音乐]
亨利.福特
小J.P.摩根
威廉.波音
沃尔特.克莱斯勒
皮埃尔.杜邦
《铸造美利坚的泰坦》 第三集 翻译：hardstick 校订：hardstick 时间轴：hardstick
“历史频道”原创纪录片
1939年九月1日 波兰
(uneasy music) [不安的音乐声]
(tank rumbling) [坦克隆隆声]
(explosions booming) [炮弹爆炸声]
(plane engines whirring) [飞机发动机呼啸声]
(guns firing) [枪炮声]
In the fall of 1939,Adolf Hitler launches an invasion of Poland, 1939年秋天，阿道夫·希特勒发动了对波兰的入侵，
proving to the world just how powerful his military had become. 向世界证明了，他的军队是多么强大。
What Hitler's army introduced was the onset of mechanized warfare. 希特勒的军队，带来了机械化战争的开始。
So, this is tanks supported by infantry,artillery supporting them. 这是由步兵和炮兵支援的坦克集群。
And then, on top of that, you had tactical air support. 除此之外，还有战术空中支援。 （戴维.彼得雷乌斯将军，中央情报局前局长）
They were all coordinated, synchronized, harmonized,and moving very, very rapidly. 它们都是协调的，同步的，统一的，而且移动得非常非常快。
[Narrator] The Germans call it blitzkrieg,or "lightning war." [旁白] 德国人称之为闪电战，或者“闪击战争”。
And in just three weeks,Poland is defeated. 仅仅三周后，波兰就被击败了。
Everybody's breath kind of stopped 每个人的呼吸都停止了，
because they realized that now no country in Europe was safe. 因为他们意识到，现在欧洲，没有一个国家是安全的。 （道格拉斯.布林克利，莱斯大学历史学家及作家）
[Narrator] But in the US,the conflict in Europe couldn't seem more distant. [旁白] 但在美国，欧洲的冲突似乎离我们再远不过了。
The American public was very much against any repeat of involvement in a European war. 美国公众非常反对，美国再次卷入欧洲战争。
The United States was mentally and physically unprepared to fight a war. 美国在精神上和身体上，都没有做好打仗的准备。 （斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军，退役美国陆军）
Knowing what we know today about Hitler and World War II, 凭着我们今天，对希特勒和第二次世界大战的了解，
we sometimes forget that nobody in that period knew what was gonna happen. 我们有时会忘记，在那个时期，没有人知道会发生什么。 （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
So, it shouldn't be surprising that 80% of Americans hoped to stay outta the fight. 因此，80%的美国人希望远离战争，也就不足为奇了。
[Narrator] President Roosevelt sees the growing threat abroad and knows he needs to act. [旁白]罗斯福总统看到了，国外日益增长的威胁，知道他需要采取行动。
But he is also eying an unprecedented third term. 但他也在寻求前所未有的第三个任期。
He needs to get himself elected by telling people we aren't going to war, 他需要通过告诉人们，我们不会开战，来让自己当选，
while preparing for the opposite. 同时为相反的情况，做准备。
FDR was really good at playing both sides. 罗斯福很擅长玩弄两面派。
While he's campaigning and promising to keep America's boys out of war, 当他竞选并承诺让美国男孩远离战争时，
he's also at the same time silently building America's capacity to make war at a rapid pace. 与此同时，他也在默默地建设美国快速发动战争的能力。
And there are really only a handful of people in the country equipped to handle such a task, 这个国家只有少数人有能力处理这样的任务，
and some of them has been his bitterest rivals. 其中一些人是他最死对头。
(uneasy orchestral music) [不安的管弦乐]
[Narrator] One man has been tasked with approaching the titans with FDR's proposal. [旁白] 一个人受命带着罗斯福的建议，去接近这些巨头。
He's not a politician or a general. 他不是政治家，也不是将军。
He's an auto industry executive who worked at both Ford and General Motors. 他是汽车行业的高管，曾在福特和通用汽车工作过。
William "Big Bill" Knudsen was a legend in the automobile industry. 威廉.“大比尔”.克努森曾是汽车业界的传奇人物。 （阿瑟.赫尔曼，《自由的铸造》的作者及历史学家）
Not only was he this very famous executive,but he had all the connections in Detroit. 他不仅是一位非常有名的高管，而且在底特律的人脉也很广。
So, Knudsen was called in to get corporate America onboard with this program to build military equipment, 所以，克努森被请来，让全美国的公司，都登上这个建造军事设备的项目的战船， （A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人）
which was a tricky thing to do because most people at the time believed that we were not gonna enter the war in the first place. 这是一件棘手的事情，因为当时大多数人都认为，我们一开始就不会参战。
(soft traffic humming) [车辆平缓而过声]
[Narrator] Knudsen thinks there's one titan that might be easier to get onboard than the rest. [旁白] 克努森认为有一个泰坦，比其他泰坦，更容易登上战船。
And if he says yes,maybe the others will follow. 如果他答应了，也许其他人也会跟随着他。
Hey, Bill. 嘿，比尔。
Forgive me if I skip the pleasantries, Ed, but I'm gonna jump right into it. 原谅我略去寒暄了，艾德，但我马上就开始了。
Right now, Germany have over 10,000 warplanes, 现在，德国有一万多架战机，
and they're not gonna stop producing any time soon. 而且他们今后，也不会很快停止生产。
America is behind the eight ball and we need to catch up, fast. 美国落后了，我们需要迅速赶上。
I want Ford Motor Company to start building aircraft engines. 我希望福特汽车公司，开始制造飞机发动机。
Can you do that? 你能做这件事吗？
We can build anything, but... 我们可以建造任何东西，但是…
Why us? 为什么是我们？
Why not use the military? 为什么不是军方来做此事？
Well, they have the design and the expertise,but they just don't have the infrastructure. 嗯，他们有设计和专业知识，但他们就是没有基础设施。
Nobody else can produce the scale that we need and in the timeframe that we need it, 没有人能在我们需要的时间范围内，生产出我们需要的规模，
except Ford. 只有福特。
(soft orchestral music) [柔和的管弦乐]
Edsel Ford really wanted aviation to be his future. 埃德塞尔·福特真的希望航空业成为他的未来。
His dream of being an aviation pioneer had been taken from him. 他成为航空先驱的梦想，曾经破灭了。
This was his chance. 这是他的机会。
What do you say? 你要说什么？
I'm in. 这事，我加入。
-Great. -Great. (laughing) -太好了。 -太棒了。[笑声]
(soft violin music) [柔和的小提琴音乐]
密歇根州 迪尔伯恩 福特汽车公司
Now, let me get this straight. 现在，让我把话说清楚。
You wanna change our entire factory to make engines for military planes, hmm? 你想把我们整个工厂，都改造成军用飞机发动机生产厂吗?
Not the entire factory. 不是整个工厂。
What then? 那是什么？
A quarter? 四分之一吗？
Half? 一半吗？
I haven't fully assessed the situation. 我还没有完全评估情况。
Really?! 真的？！
America has nowhere near the planes that Germany has. 美国的飞机远不及德国。
America's not at war with Germany! 美国没有和德国开战!
Well, we can't pull out now; I've promised FDR. 嗯，我们现在不能退出;我答应过罗斯福。
Well, you can tell FDR that Ford makes cars, not planes. 你可以告诉罗斯福，福特是造汽车的，不是造飞机的。
If he wants planes, 如果他想要飞机，
you can tell him to go to a damn plane-maker! 你可以叫他去找，该死的飞机制造商!
(pensive orchestral music) [忧郁的管弦乐]
[Narrator] Henry Ford has never liked giving up market share, [旁白] 亨利·福特从不想放弃市场份额，
so he certainly isn't going to change over his factories if it means making fewer cars. 所以他当然不会为了减少汽车产量，而改变工厂。
Henry was against the war. 亨利反对战争。
He was anti-FDR. 他反对罗斯福。
Part of what was so shocking to these titans of the automobile industry, 让这些汽车工业巨头震惊的部分原因，
it wasn't just that they had to build this enormous amount of stuff. 不仅仅是他们要造这么多东西。
It was that they had to put all of their self-interests aside. 那就是，他们必须把自己的利益放在一边。
Yeah, I know. 是的，我知道。
I don't know what else to tell you. 我不知道，还能跟你说什么。
The old man says no. 这老家伙说，不行。
[Narrator] With Ford out,Knudsen turns to another titan, [旁白]福特弃手后，克努森转向了另一个巨人，
someone who has experience with the weapons of war. 一个对生产战争武器有经验的人。
But he could be even harder to convince than Henry Ford. 但他可能比亨利·福特更难说服。
They're outproducing us right now 20 to 1. 他们现在的产量，是我们的20倍。
We cannot afford to lose this race. 我们输不起这场比赛。
So, build more factories. 所以，建立更多的工厂。
What do you need me for? 你要我做什么?
I wish it were that simple. 我希望，事情就这么简单。
We have the manpower, we have the finances. 我们有人力，有财力。
What we need is someone to run the operation efficiently,someone who knows the business. 我们需要的是一个能有效运作的人，一个懂业务的人。
I don't think I'm understanding you correctly. 我想，我还没正确理解，你的意思。
[William] I know it's a big ask. [威廉] 我知道，这个请求有点儿过份。
Yes. 是的。
You're asking me to start producing munitions again. 你是要我，重新开始生产军火。
It's not just me that's asking. 这不是，我想要求你。
The president is asking as well. 这也是总统要求你的。
The same president who labeled me the "merchant of death"? 那个给我贴上"死亡商人"标签的总统?
Undoubtedly, the du Pont Company and its executives appreciated a certain sense of irony 毫无疑问，杜邦公司和它的高管们意识到了某种讽刺意味， （乔纳森.鲁斯，特拉华大学历史学家）
that the very government that had been vilifying them just a few years before 几年前，还在诋毁他们的政府，
were now coming to them in need of their product. 现在却来找他们，并需要他们的产品。
[Narrator] For the past five years,du Pont has done everything in his power to rebuild his image. [旁白] 在过去的五年里，杜邦竭尽全力重建自己的形象。
In addition to GM, he's revived his chemical company and branded it as a way to improve society, 除了通用汽车，他还重振了自己的化学公司，并将其标榜为改善社会的一种方式，
developing consumer products like nylon stockings and cellophane. 开发了尼龙丝袜和玻璃纸等消费品。
DuPont was one of the greatest branding experts of all time 杜邦是有史以来最伟大的品牌专家之一， （唐尼.多伊奇，多伊奇广告传媒股份有限公司前主席）
because of the shifts they were able to make. 因为他们能够做出转变。
"Whatever it takes, we're gonna do it.We're better living through chemistry." “无论付出什么代价，我们都要去做。我们通过化学，提供更好地生活方式。”
And that's a very, very high perch 这是一个非常非常高的姿态，
and lets you get past some of the things that consumers can think are negative about you. 可以让你避开一些消费者对你的负面看法。
[Narrator] The last thing du Pont wants to do is return to the business of death. [旁白] 杜邦最不想做的就是，回到死亡的问题上。
So far, Knudsen's mission to get America ready for war has been a failure. 到目前为止，克努森让“美国做好战争准备”的任务失败了。
And news from overseas has only gotten worse. 来自海外的消息，只会变得更糟。
(intense orchestral music) [激烈的管弦乐]
In the spring of 1940,Hitler is scoring victory after victory. 1940年春天，希特勒取得了一个又一个胜利。
Denmark and Norway are occupied. 丹麦和挪威被占领。
Then the German Army sweeps across the Netherlands and Belgium. 然后德军横扫荷兰和比利时。
Europe makes a desperate stand in France, 欧洲人在法国孤注一掷，
but they're no match for German armor and airpower. 但他们不是德国装甲和空中力量的对手。
And by June, Hitler's in Paris. 到了六月，希特勒就来到巴黎了。
The Germans' next target is Britain. 德国人的下一个目标是英国。
(thunder rumbling) [雷声轰鸣]
(somber orchestral music) [忧伤的管弦乐] （1940年八月20日，纽约州塔里顿）
Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name “我们在天上的父，愿人都尊你的名为圣”
[Narrator] As the world gets darker by the day,at a cemetery in New York, 【旁白】随着世界一天天变得黑暗，在纽约的一个墓地，
a group of titans deal with loss on a personal level. 一群寡头们在个人层面上，面对失去。
Walter Chrysler is dead,succumbing to a stroke. 沃尔特·克莱斯勒死于中风。
Chrysler's burial is a who's-who from the automotive industry. 克莱斯勒的葬礼，是一个汽车行业的要人聚会。
Even his old rival, Pierre du Pont, pays tribute. 就连他的老对手皮埃尔·杜邦也表达了敬意。
For each of these titans, it's a time of reflection. 对于这些巨头来说，这是一个反思的时刻。
I think the summer of 1940 is one of the scariest times. 我认为1940年的夏天是最可怕的时期之一。
By that time, Germany has taken control of France. 那时，德国已经控制了法国。
They pretty much control the western part of Europe,which is the heartland of the world economy. 他们几乎控制了欧洲西部，那里是世界经济的中心地带。
Japan is in control, not just of Manchuria but now large parts of China 日本不仅控制了满洲，现在还控制了中国的大部分地区， （杰瑞米.苏里，得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
and they've built a military machine that looks invincible in Asia. 他们已经建立了一个在亚洲，看起来不可战胜的军事机器。
This is a very, very scary moment,and the United States looks very weak. 这是一个非常非常可怕的时刻，而美国看起来，非常虚弱。
[Priest] And forgive us our trespasses as we forgave those who trespassed against us. [牧师] 求你赦免我们的罪，如同我们赦免人的罪一样。
And lead us not into temptation,but deliver us from evil, amen. 不要让我们陷入诱惑，救我们脱离邪恶，阿门。
[Narrator] But Knudsen continues to struggle 但克努森继续为他的使命而奋斗，
with his mission because FDR is still playing both sides 因为F.D.罗斯福仍然在玩两面派，
by telling the American public that we'll never go to war. 他告诉美国公众，我们永远不会开战。
I have said this before,but I shall say it again and again and again. 这句话我以前说过，但我还要一遍又一遍地说。
Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign war. (audience cheering) 你的孩子们，不会被派去参加，任何对外战争。[观众欢呼]
[Narrator] But even if America has no interest in going to war, (intense orchestral music) [旁白]但是即使美国对战争没有兴趣，[激烈的管弦乐]
war will soon be coming to America. 战火，很快就会烧到美国。
(light upbeat big band music) [大乐队奏出轻快、高亢的乐曲] （1941年十二月7日）
[Reporter] Hello, NBC. [记者]大家好，这里是全国广播公司。
Hello, NBC. 大家好，NBC现在广播。
I am speaking from the roof of the Advertiser Publishing Company Building. 我现在广告出版公司大楼的楼顶上，进行播音。
There has been fierce fighting going on in the air and on the sea. 空中和海上，都在进行激烈的战斗。
Pull! 放！
(gun firing) [枪声]
Pull! 放！
(gun firing) [枪声]
Sir? 先生？
Please come quickly. 请快点儿过来。
What is it now? 怎么回事？
[Reporter] I am speaking from the roof of the Advertiser Publishing Company Building. [记者] 我在广告出版公司大楼的屋顶上进行播音。
We have witnessed this morning- 我们今天早上见证了...
What's happening? 发生了什么？
There's been an attack in Hawaii. 夏威夷遭到了袭击。
[Reporter] And the severe bombing of Pearl Harbor by enemy planes. [记者] 还有敌机，对珍珠港进行了猛烈轰炸。
-Who's bombing? -Japan. -谁在轰炸？ -日本人。
(rising suspenseful music) [悬疑的音乐响起]
(plane engines roaring) [飞机发动机轰鸣声]
[Reporter] The city of Honolulu has also been attacked [记者] 檀香山市区也遭到了袭击
(explosions booming) [炸弹爆炸声]
and considerable damage done. 并造成了相当大的伤亡。
One of the bombs dropped within 50 feet of KGU Tower. 其中一枚炸弹落在距离KGU塔50英尺的地方。
It is no joke, it is a real war. 这不是在开玩笑，这这真的战争。
[Narrator] For years, JP Morgan's bank has provided the Empire of Japan with a lot of money. [旁白] 多年来，JP摩根的银行为日本帝国提供了大量资金。
Now, it's all too clear: 现在，一切都清楚了：
The loans may have helped revive Japan's economy,but they also helped build up its military. 这些贷款，可能帮助日本经济复苏，但它们也帮助日本，建立了军事力量。
This was not Morgan's intention. 这不是摩根的本意。
But when you invest in a society,you cannot always control how that money is used. 但当你投资于一个社会时，你不能总是控制，这笔钱的使用方式。 （杰瑞米.苏里，得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
In fact, you can never control where that money goes. 事实上，你永远无法控制，这些钱的去向。
(sullen orchestral music) [阴郁的管弦乐]
Yesterday, 昨天，
December 7th, 12月7日，
1941, 1941年，
a date which will live in infamy, 这将是一个耻辱的日子，
the United States of America 美利坚合众国
was suddenly and deliberately attacked 突然地被恶意袭击了
by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. 被日本帝国的海空军袭击了。
As commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy, 作为陆军和海军总司令，
I have directed that all measures be taken 我已下令，采取一切措施
for our defense. 进行自卫。
Hostilities exist. 敌意没有消除。
There is no blinking at the fact that our people, 毫无疑问，我们的人民，
our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. 在我们的领土上，他们的利益受到威胁。
And the Japanese Empire- 而大日本帝国...
[Narrator] President Roosevelt declares [旁白] 罗斯福总统宣布
that the United States and Japan are now at war. 美国和日本现在处于战争状态
And there's worse news to come. 更坏的消息还在后面。
When Pearl Harbor happened,it's called the day that will live in infamy by FDR, 珍珠港事件发生的那一天，被罗斯福称为“臭名昭著的日子”， （道格拉斯.布林克利，莱斯大学历史学家及作家）
and it surely does. 事实确实如此。
But four days later,the United States is at war against Germany. 但四天后，美国与德国开战。
We have a two-front war and we're still not out of the Great Depression. 我们得进行两线战争，而我们仍然没有走出“大萧条”。
[Narrator] Where war once felt far away,conflict on American soil now feels very real. [旁白]战争曾经遥不可及，但美国土地上的冲突，现在却显得非常真实。
There was a real dramatic anxiety in the country. 这个国家出现了一种戏剧性的焦虑。 （大卫.伍尔纳，罗斯福研究中心历史学家）
[Reporter] From bases in Western Europe,German long-range bombers could fly [记者]德国的远程轰炸机，可以从西欧的基地，
to our East Coast and return. 飞到我们的东海岸，然后返回。
There were serious concerns about the Japanese invasion of California or the West Coast of the United States. 人们对日本入侵加州，或美国西海岸，表示严重关切。
[Reporter] Almost every section along the entire Pacific coast is within range of enemy planes. [记者] 几乎整个太平洋海岸的每个区域，都在敌机的射程之内。
Americans sort of grew up as a nation with the idea that 美国人在某种程度上，是在这样一个观念中成长起来的， （H.W.布兰兹，得克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
potential enemies were thousands of miles away across that ocean,and now this ocean isn't very big. 即潜在的敌人在大洋彼岸数千英里之外，而现在这片海洋并不是很大。
In fact, instead of being a protective moat,has become this avenue for enemies to come right to our shore. 事实上，它已不再是护城河，而是敌人直接来到我们海岸的通道。
Americans were instructed to put blackout curtains in their windows at night. 美国人被要求，在晚上在窗户上，挂上遮光窗帘。
Air raid precaution services go into operation when the bombs drop. 当炸弹落下时，空袭预防服务开始运作。
[H. W.] Americans had reason to be worried. [[H. W.] 美国人有理由担心。
[Narrator] But in the face of fear,Americans also feel a sense of duty and a need to act. [旁白] 但在恐惧面前，美国人也感到了一种责任感， 和采取行动的必要性。
The bombing of Pearl Harbor was a inflection point for the United States. 轰炸珍珠港是美国的一个转折点。
On December 6th, 1941,the majority of Americans were against war. 1941年12月6日，大多数美国人反对战争。 (斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军，退役美国陆军)
On December 8th, 1941,it was the biggest day in recruiting history. 1941年12月8日，是征兵史上最重要的一天。
America suddenly flipped. 美国人民，突然跳了起来。
Volunteerism went sky-gigh. 从军愿望，直冲云霄。
Everybody wanted to be part of the war effort and to sign up and do their duty. 每个人都想，为战争努力尽一份力量，报名参军，履行他们的职责。
You are joining an effort to save the American way of life. 你们加入了行动，就为了拯救美国生活方式。
[Narrator] Yet it takes more than just patriotism to wage war. [旁白] 然而发动战争，需要的不仅仅是爱国主义。
That war spirit,it was burning hot right after Pearl Harbor. 这种战争精神，在珍珠港事件发生后，就变得炙手可热。
But soldiers were drilling,in some cases, with fake wooden weapons. 但在某些情况下，士兵们用的是假木制武器。
We needed planes and trucks and tanks and bullets and bandages and boots 我们需要飞机、卡车、坦克、子弹、绷带、靴子...
and everything that was required to win a war. 以及赢得战争所需的一切。
[Narrator] The first thing the US needs is weapons,and there's one person who can make that happen. [旁白] 美国首先需要的是武器，而有一个人，可以让这一切发生。
(pensive electronic music) [伤感的电子音乐]
He got away from munitions and took over GM. 他离开了军火生产，接管了“通用汽车”。
He was vilified as the "Merchant of Death." 他曾被诬蔑为“死亡商人”。
But now the war has started,and du Pont knows what he must do. 但现在战争已经开始，杜邦知道他必须做什么。
It was clear the explosive business,the gunpowder business 很明显，炸药生意，火药生意
was absolutely crucial if the United States is going to be engaged in a two-front war. 对于美国卷入两线战争是至关重要的。 （乔纳森.鲁斯，特拉华大学历史学家）
(phone ringing) [电话铃声]
Hello? 你好？
I'll do it. 我愿意做这件事。
(intense orchestral music) [紧张的管弦乐]
[Narrator] DuPont agrees to turn over all of General Motors [旁白]杜邦同意将通用汽车公司
and his chemical labs to the war effort. 和他的化学实验室，全部为战争效力。
Within weeks, he'll break ground on over 50 new munitions factories. 几周内，他将破土动工兴建50多家军工厂。
But the last time du Pont made weapons was during the First World War. 但杜邦公司最后一次制造武器，是在第一次世界大战期间。
We've made lots of advances,especially in the last few years. 我们已经取得了很多进步，尤其是在过去几年。
This is the Mk 2, or the "pineapple." 这是Mk 2，或者叫“菠萝”。
We'll need 40 million of them. 我们需要4千万个。
This is your general purpose six-inch-caliber shell,mainly to destroy units. 这是通用的六英寸口径炮弹，主要用来摧毁单位。
We'll need five million. 我们需要500万发。
This is an eight-inch shell. 这是一个8英寸的炮弹。
It's good for concrete demolition and bunkers. 它适用于拆除混凝土和掩体。
And the 18 inch? 这种18英寸的呢？
It's mostly for naval purposes,and that can do a lotta damage. 它主要用于海军用途，会造成很大的破坏。
Here, follow me. 跟我来。
We're testing a new heavyweight bomb, the earthquake. 我们在测试一种新的重量级炸弹，“地震炸弹”。
(explosion booming) [炸弹爆炸声]
(reverent orchestral music) [虔诚的管弦乐]
Pretty good, huh? 不错吧？
We can take out a whole platoon with just one of these. 我们用一发，就能干掉敌人一个排。
[Narrator] DuPont makes his choice. [旁白] 杜邦做出了他的选择。
To help save the country,he must once again become the "Merchant of Death." 为了拯救国家，他必须再次成为“死亡商人”。
1942年二月
[Narrator] FDR knows one of the key paths to the US and its allies winning the war is airpower. [旁白]罗斯福知道，美国及其盟友,赢得战争的关键途径之一,就是空中力量。
He wants to build an arsenal to compete with Germany and Japan's far superior air forces. 他想建立一个武器库，与德国和日本的空军竞争。
He asks for thousands of high-tech modern fighters and bombers. 他要求提供，数千架高科技现代战斗机和轰炸机。
And the plane they're pinning their hopes on is the B-24 bomber. 他们寄希望于B-24轰炸机。
(plane engine roaring) [飞机引擎轰鸣]
FDR saw the bomber aircraft as the key to winning the war, 罗斯福认为，轰炸机是赢得战争的关键，
but not just the fact that it was powerful and destructive. 但不仅仅是因为它的威力和破坏性。
There had to be a tremendous number of them. 他们的数量，一定得非常多。
Because if we could launch bomber aircraft over a country,even if they were all shot down, 因为，如果我们能把轰炸机，派遣到一个国家上空，即使它们全部被击落， （A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人）
there could be a wave behind them and a wave behind them and a wave behind hem, 他的后面会有一波接一波的轰炸机，随之而来，
and that would make the enemy defenseless. 那将使得敌人，毫无防御能力。
That was how they thought they could win the war. 这就是他们认为，他们可以赢得战争的原因。
No. 不。
Those days are gone. 这种日子，不会在有了。
We need planes, mass-produced. 我们需要大量生产的飞机。
I don't know, thousands. 我不知道,得要成千上万。
I'm not saying that. 我没有那么说。
Well, how many can you deliver? 你能交付多少?
To be frank, 200 is just a drop in the ocean. 坦率地说，200架是沧海一粟。
The president has asked for thousands. 总统要求数千架。
Okay, thank you. 好的，谢谢你。
[Narrator] Knudsen tried the aviation industry,but no one has the capacity to make the 20,000 bombers that FDR wants. [旁白] 克努森尝试过航空工业，但是没有人有能力制造，罗斯福想要的2万架轰炸机。
In the end, there's really only one company who could possibly get it done. 最后，实际上只有一家公司有可能做到这一点。
Thanks to Edsel's persistence,the Fords had already spent $47 million of their own money 由于埃德塞尔的坚持不懈，福特家族已经自掏自有4700万美元，
to build Willow Run, the largest plane factory in the world, 建造了世界上最大的飞机制造厂Willow Run， （位于密歇根州，雅普斯拉提）
almost one mile long. 几乎有一英里长。
They come up with this plan which was about to shock the world. 他们提出了这个，即将震惊世界的计划。
They decided that the biggest, fastest,most destructive bomber in our arsenal 他们认为我们军火库中最大，最快，最具破坏性的轰炸机，
they could build at a rate of one an hour, 400 a month. 他们可以以每小时一架，一个月400架的速度制造。
And the idea is that they would build the entire thing themselves. 他们的想法是，他们会自己建造整个系统。
They would have to start from scratch. 他们将不得不从头开始。
They hadn't built an airplane since the Trimotor in the very early 1930s. 自20世纪30年代早期的三发飞机之后，他们就再没有制造过飞机。
When all of the aviation executives around the country were saying this couldn't be done, 当全国各地的航空主管，都说这是不可能的，
I think they really believed it, 我想他们真的相信了，
because no motor car company, no company of any kind had ever tried to manufacture this kind of product, 因为没有汽车公司，没有任何类型的公司，曾经尝试过制造这种产品，
something that had about a half a million different pieces and parts. 这种产品有大约50万个不同的零件和部件。
[Narrator] But Edsel runs into a problem. [旁白] 但是，埃德塞尔遇到了一个问题。
(clock ticking) [时钟滴答声]
(pensive orchestral music) [沉思的管弦乐]
Hi. 你好。
Sorry for keeping you waiting. 抱歉，让你久等了。
Okay. 好的。
Take a look at this. 看看这个。
[Soldire] Hmm. [军士] 嗯。
The biggest problem really was the idea that as these ships start to get built 最大的问题是，当这些机型开始建造时
the Air Force starts wanting to change the airplane. 空军开始想要改变飞机。
This bay door is too narrow. 这个舱门太窄了。
You're gonna have to widen that. 你得把它弄宽。
And this ball mount should be three-and-quater, 这个球形炮塔，应该有三又二分之一英尺，
not three-and-quarter. 而不是四分之三。
[Narrator] With the production of his planes already underway, any setback could prove costly. [旁白]由于他的飞机已经开始生产，任何挫折，都可能是代价高昂的。
(phone ringing) [电话铃声]
Back in a minute. 过一会儿，就回来。
Hello? 你好？
Ford Motor Company had come up with this idea to build this airplane the way they built automobiles, 福特汽车公司想出了这个主意，要像造汽车一样，造这架飞机，
and key among that was to be able to build one that was exactly like the one before and exactly like the one before. 其中的关键，是要造出一架和前一架一模一样的飞机。
We're moving as fast as we can,but every adjustment means a delay in assembly. 我们正以最快的速度前进，但每一次调整，都意味着组装的延迟。
Well, we still have to update the line. 那么，我们还得更新生产线。
If they wanted to change that part,the machines and the dies 如果他们想要改变那个零件，他们为了制造那个零件
that they created to build that part had to be scrapped and started from scratch. 而制造的机器和模具，就必须报废，从头开始。
I know. 我知道。
I understand. 我理解。
Got it. 懂了。
Thanks. 谢谢。
[Narrator] The design changes keep coming. [旁白]设计不断变化。
So, where are we at here? 那么，我们说到哪了?
We should swap out the .30-caliber Brownings with 50s, 我们应该把点30口径的勃朗宁换成50口径的，
so you'll need to augment the turret opening more. 所以，你需要增加更多的炮塔开口。
And these bay doors, they need to retract into the fuselage,so you'll have to expand the opening more. 还有这些舱门，它们需要缩进机身内部，所以你得把开口扩大一些。
You got that? 你明白吗？
Yeah, sure. 是的，当然。
We'll make it happen. 我们会做到的。
Anything else? 还有别的吗？
[Man] Not today. [男人]今天没有了。
华盛顿特区
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐声]
[Narrator] FDR isn't just demanding planes. (旁白)罗斯福不仅仅要求飞机。
Control of the seas is just as important to winning the war. 对海洋的控制，对于赢得战争同样重要。
The raid on Pearl Harbor destroyed the heart of America's Pacific Fleet, 偷袭珍珠港，摧毁了美国太平洋舰队的核心，
so the US was not ready for full-scale war right away. 所以美国还没有准备好，立即发动全面战争。 （H.W.布兰兹，得克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
The United States still had to build thousands of ships to really get its navy in a position where it could project power. 美国仍然需要建造数千艘船只，才能使其海军，真正处于可以投射力量的位置。
[Narrator] America's current shipyards can't churn out anywhere close to the numbers needed, [旁白]美国目前的造船厂，远远不能满足所需的数量，
(pensive electronic music) [伤感的电子音乐]
so FDR turns to someone who has delivered big things before: 所以罗斯福找了一个以前交付过大工程的人:
Henry Kaiser. 亨利.凯泽。
Kaiser was FDR's miracle man. 凯泽是罗斯福的奇迹创造者。
He had built the Hoover Dam, an engineering feat,on time and under budget. 他按时在预算内建成了胡佛大坝，这是一项工程壮举。 （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
[Narrator] There's just one issue. [旁白]只有一个问题。
Henry Kaiser has never done anything like this before. 亨利·凯泽以前从没做过这样的事。
Now, he's promised to build 500 ships a year when it typically takes a year to build just one. 现在，他承诺每年建造500艘船，而通常只需要一年就能建造一艘。
That was Kaiser's bread and butter. 那是凯泽的生计。
"Tell me how many you need and I'll get 'em to you even faster than you imagined." “告诉我你需要多少，我会比你想象的更快地给你。” （阿瑟.赫尔曼，《自由的铸造》的作者及历史学家）
He loved that. 他喜欢这样。
I wanna build six shipways here and one over there. 我想在这里建六条船，在那里建一条。
(pensive orchestral music) [沉思的管弦乐]
[Narrator] Along a stretch of marshy Pacific coastline, [旁白]沿着太平洋沿岸的一片沼泽，
in the shadow of another Kaiser project, 在凯撒的另一个项目奥克兰海湾大桥
the Oakland Bay Bridge, 的阴影下，
Kaiser builds shipyards totaling the size of 800 football fields. 凯撒建造了，总共800个足球场大小的造船厂。
Constructing a shipyard is one thing. 建造造船厂是一回事。
But he quickly learns building ships is a whole different challenge. 但他很快意识到，造船是一项完全不同的挑战。
[Henry] What's taking them so long? [亨利]他们怎么花了这么长时间?
Working as fast as they can. 他们以最快的速度工作。
I've seen workers down there not doing anything. 我看到工人们什么都不做。
They're waiting for the hull to be locked into place,then they'll start constructing the steering columns and the engine room. 他们在等船体固定好，然后开始建造操舵杆和轮机室。
Can't they do something else? 他们就不能干点别的吗?
Not really. 真的不行。
This isn't working. 这样不行啊。
We need to move faster. 我们需要加快行动。
The Liberty ships Kaiser is building are gigantic. 凯泽建造的“自由轮”非常巨大。
If you stood one up, it'd be 50 stories,almost as tall as the Hoover Dam. 如果你把它竖起来，有50层楼高，几乎和胡佛大坝一样高。
Liberty ships are so big,they literally have to be built in place from the bottom up; “自由轮”太大了，它们真的必须，从下往上建造;
first the keel, then the frame, then the hull. 首先是龙骨，然后是框架，然后是船体。
And this is how ships have been built for centuries. 几个世纪以来，船只就是这样建造的。
[Narrator] At the rate he's going now,it will take Kaiser a hundred years [旁白]按照他现在的速度，凯撒需要一百年，
to build the number of ships he's promised FDR. 才能造出，他向罗斯福承诺的那么多船。
(rising suspenseful music) [悬疑音乐响起]
(water splashing) (suspenseful music) [水花飞溅] {悬疑的音乐]
1942年六月
(airplane engines whirring) [飞机引擎呼呼作响]
[Narrator] Six months after their attack on the United States,Japan seems unstoppable. [旁白] 在袭击美国六个月后，日本似乎势不可挡。
(bombs explode) [炸弹爆炸声]
(airplane engines whirring) [飞机引擎呼呼作响]
After Pearl Harbor, the Japanese executed a plan to try to seize a perimeter that they could defend. 珍珠港事件后，日本人执行了一项计划，试图占领他们可以防御的外围。 (斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军，退役美国陆军)
And so they tried to push as far out as they could into islands to include the Philippines, Dutch East Indies. 所以他们尽可能地向外扩张，包括菲律宾，荷属东印度群岛。
(suspenseful music continues) [悬疑音乐继续]
You saw the advance of the Japanese on a very rapid and almost terrifying scale. 你可以看到日本人，以惊人的速度前进。 (戴维.彼得雷乌斯将军，中央情报局前局长)
[Narrator] Japan now controls half the Pacific Ocean and gains territory by the day. [旁白] 日本现在控制了半个太平洋，而且领土不断扩大。
Across the Atlantic,Hitler has landed troops in North Africa, 在大西洋彼岸，希特勒在北非登陆，
and pushed deep into the Soviet Union. 并深入苏联境内。
(military tank crashes) [军队坦克冲撞声]
Of course, the Blitzkrieg,the mechanized forces were able to take them all the way to the outskirts of Moscow. 当然，在闪电战中，机械化部队，能够让他们，一路杀到莫斯科郊区。
[Narrator] If Hitler conquers the Soviets,he'll move the full force of his army west to invade Britain. [旁白] 如果希特勒征服了苏联，他会把他的全部军队西进，入侵英国。
And if Britain falls, his next target is America. 如果英国沦陷，他的下一个目标，就是美国。
(suspenseful music) [悬疑的音乐]
Germany and Japan are advancing so quickly,FDR fears the US will be overtaken before it gets into the fight. 德国和日本的发展如此之快，罗斯福担心，美国在加入战斗之前，就会被超越。
But war production is moving too slowly. 但战争生产，进度进展太慢。
(telephone ringing) [电话铃声]
Yeah. 是的。
Yes put him through. 是的，给他接过来。
Yes, Mr. President. 是的，总统先生。
Yes, sir. 是的，先生。
We're, we're seeing forward progress just Fords of modifications are,are requiring an extension on our timetable. 我们看到了前进的进展，只是福特的修改，需要延长我们的时间表。
Willow Run was not living up to its objectives. Willow Run生产基地，没有达到它的目标。
What Knudsen was saying was, 克努森说的是，
"Hey, these planes are in terrible shape." “嘿，这些飞机的状况很糟糕。” （A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人）
They've manufactured two. 他们制造了两个。
No sir, not two planes, Mr. President. 不，不是两架飞机，总统先生。
Two parts. 是的两个部分。
Things are going extraordinarily wrong and the same press that had been so high in this idea 事情变得非常糟糕，同样的媒体，曾经如此热衷于
of building the largest airplane factory in the world as a means of defeating Japan and defeating Hitler, 建造世界上最大的飞机工厂，作为击败日本和希特勒的手段，
were now really down on the Fords and the whole project. 现在，真的对福特和整个项目，感到失望。
And Willow Run became known in the press as "will-it-run?". 而Willow Run被解读成“这能行吗？”。
(suspenseful music) [悬疑的音乐]
[Narrator] But then, Knudsen and FDR finally get some good news. [旁白] 但后来，克努森和罗斯福终于得到了一些好消息。
[du Pont] How much time do we need to make this happen? [杜邦] 我们需要多少时间来完成这件事?
Eight weeks, nine max. 八周，最多九周。
[Narrator] du Pont has wasted no time converting his factories. [旁白] 杜邦没有浪费时间，改造他的工厂。
(upbeat music) [欢快的音乐]
In just a matter of weeks,du Pont has changed over production lines 在短短几周内，杜邦公司更换了生产线， （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
and is cranking out explosives and shells for the war effort. 开始为战争生产炸药和炮弹。
[Narrator] And then there's another breakthrough. [旁白] 还有另一个突破。
(engine revving) [引擎飞速转动]
(suspenseful music) [悬疑的音乐]
Bill, should be ready any minute. “比尔”，马上就好。
(suspenseful music continues) [悬疑音乐继续]
This better be worth the trip. 希望这趟，没有白来。
It will be. 会如愿的。
What's taking so long? 为什么这么长时间？
Just a minute. 就等一会儿。
(engine sputtering) [引擎转动震颤声]
[Narrator] Even though Chrysler no longer has its founder, [旁白]虽然克莱斯勒的创始人，已经不在了，
the company has figured out how to make a tank. 但他的公司已经想出了，制造坦克的办法。
(engine roaring) [发动机咆哮声]
Knudsen turned to Chrysler to build tanks,even though Chrysler never built tanks before, 克努森转向克莱斯勒制造坦克，尽管克莱斯勒以前从未制造过坦克， (查尔斯.海德，《克莱斯勒的历史》的作者)
almost no one had ever built tanks before. 但之前，几乎没有人制造过坦克。
And Chrysler was known for its manufacturing excellence and its engineering excellence. 克莱斯勒以其卓越的制造和卓越的工程技术而闻名。
[Announcer] Here in the world's first great tank arsenal,devoted entirely to 这里是世界上第一个大型坦克兵工厂，完全致力于
the mass production of the tank,we forge the armaments of victory. 大规模生产坦克，我们铸造制胜的法宝。
[Narrator] Chrysler's new tank is the M3. [旁白] 克莱斯勒的新坦克名叫M-3型。
I'm upping the order. 我要增加订单。
Get me 3000. 给我3000辆。
Done. 成交。
(upbeat dramatic music) [欢快的戏剧音乐]
(metal grinds) [金属摩擦声]
[Narrator] To build his ships faster, [旁白] 为了让他的轮船更快的造出，
We don't need to have a ceremony every time we're launching a ship, we've got... 我们不需要每次下水都要举行仪式，我们有…
[Narrator] Kaiser has workers going three shifts a day, [旁白] 凯泽的工人一天三班倒着作业，
Do what you can. 尽你的所能。
[Narrator] seven days a week. [旁白] 每周七天如此。
By the fall of 1942,Henry Kaiser has not only launched his first ship, 到1942年秋天，亨利·凯泽不仅下水了他的第一艘船，
but dozens more. 接着，就像“下饺子”一样。
(spirited upbeat music) [热情的欢快音乐]
Kaiser is a far cry from the 500 he promised,but the nation can't wait any longer. 凯泽离他承诺的500艘还差得远，但这个国家不能再等了。
(spirited upbeat music) [热情的欢快音乐]
Kaiser's ships are loaded with Chrysler's tanks and du Pont's munitions. 凯泽的船上，装满了克莱斯勒的坦克，和杜邦的军火。
Along with thousands of soldiers 还有成千上万的士兵，
who have been waiting for this moment to take the fight to Hitler. 他们一直在等待这一刻，向希特勒开战。
The Americans in 1942,wanted to invade Western Europe. 1942年，美军打算入侵西欧。
Go into France and let's get it over with,but that wasn't feasible militarily 进入法国，让我们把它解决掉，但这在军事上行不通， （斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军，退役美国陆军）
so they compromised on North Africa. 所以他们妥协地，转向了北非。
The decision to invade North Africa is largely a matter of 入侵北非的决定，很大程度上是这种态度，
"Look we just have to show the world that the United States is in this war." “看，我们只是要向世界表明，美国参与了这场战争。” （H.W.布兰兹，得克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
[Narrator] The United States is finally on the ground and ready to show the Germans what they're made of. [旁白]美国终于登陆了，准备向德国人展示他们的实力。
(birds chirping) [鸟鸣声] （1942年十一月8日）
The President's waiting for you. 总统在等你。
Glad you could join us. 很高兴，你能加入我们。
We have a problem with the M3,they're a complete disaster. 我们的M-3型有毛病，他们完全是一场灾难。
(suspenseful music) [悬疑的音乐]
The 75 millimeter gun must be forced into position and it's getting out maneuvered. 75毫米口径的火炮，必须被转到发射位置上，然后，才能表现出机动性来。
(dramatic music) (gun fires) [剧情音乐] [枪炮声]
The height of the tank leaves it vulnerable. 坦克的高度，让它很脆弱。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
The armor is proving to be too thin. 事实证明，装甲太薄了。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
The M3 had very severe design defects. M-3型有非常严重的设计缺陷。
The main gun could be moved up and down,but not horizontally. 主炮可以上下移动，但不能水平移动。
So in order to aim at a moving target,you had to move the entire tank around. 所以为了瞄准移动的目标，你必须移动整个坦克。
It had a very tall silhouette. 它的外形轮廓太高了。
It was easy to hit. 很容易被打中。
It was not that great off-road and it was a flawed vehicle. 越野性能也不好，这是一台有弊病的车辆。
[Narrator] The M3 was rushed into the field,but it wasn't ready for battle. [旁白]M-3型被冲推进战场，但它还没有准备好战斗。
What Americans learned in the North African campaign was that the Germans were pretty tough customers. 美国人在北非战役中学到的是，德国人是相当“难对付的消费者”。
[Narrator] The United States with all its industrial might, [旁白] 拥有强大工业实力的美国，
faces a German army that is far superior, 面对的是一支实力强大、
better trained, and with better weapons. 训练有素、武器精良的德国军队。
(suspenseful music) [悬疑的音乐]
Knudsen realizes, even with the titans doing their part, 克努森意识到，即使巨人们尽了自己的本分，
it will take something bigger to win this war. 也需要更大的力量，才能赢得这场战争。
大西洋海面
(waves crashing) [破浪声]
While the allies struggle in North Africa,Hitler brings terror to the seas. 当盟军在北非战斗时，希特勒把恐怖带到海底。
(sonar pings) [声纳回音]
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
(torpedo explodes) (dramatic music) [鱼雷爆炸声] [剧情音乐]
In 1942, U-boats sink more than 230 American vessels, 1942年，德国潜艇击沉了230多艘美国船只，
over 10,000 souls lost. 损失超过一万的生命。
When the U-boats popped up in these convoys largely made up of Liberty ships, 当德国潜艇，突然出现在，这些主要由“自由轮”组成的船队中时， （戴维.彼得雷乌斯将军，中央情报局前局长）
they were sitting ducks. 它们就成了活靶子。
[Narrator] Hitler is destroying Kaiser's ships and Chrysler's tanks [旁白] 希特勒摧毁凯泽的船只，和克莱斯勒的坦克的速度，
faster than they can build them. 比他们建造的速度还快。
But Kaiser can't figure out how to speed up production. 但凯泽不知道，如何加快生产。
(telephone rings) [电话铃声]
-Yeah. (suspenseful music) -是的。[悬疑音乐声]
Yeah. 是的。
Yeah. I did say that. 是的。我确实这么说过。
Well we've had some uh,material shortages and... 我们的物资短缺，还有…
(suspenseful music) [悬疑音乐]
No, I understand. 不，我理解。
Yeah, I will. 是的，我会的。
-Okay. Thank you. -[Kaiser] Yeah. -好吧。谢谢你。 -[凯泽]好的。
[Narrator] Knudsen has assembled the greatest industrial leaders in the nation to build his war machine [旁白]克努森召集了全国最伟大的工业领袖，来建造他的战争机器，
but it's not working. 但它不起作用。
Something is still missing. 还是少了点什么。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
[Kaiser] Well we've had some material shortages and... [凯泽]嗯，我们有一些物资短缺，而且…
(suspenseful music) [悬疑音乐]
(phone clicks) [电话挂断声]
Knudsen had the idea to get companies that usually were at each other's throats 克努森的想法是，让那些经常互相争斗的公司，
to share plans, to share designs, 分享计划，分享设计，
to share intellectual property,in order to produce what was necessary in order to win this war. 为了分享知识产权，为了生产出，打赢这场战争所必需的产品。 （阿瑟.赫尔曼，《自由的铸造》的作者及历史学家）
Ford. 给我接福特。
In many ways, when there is a common threat,there is no choice but to act together. 在许多方面，当面临共同威胁时，我们别无选择，只能联合行动。 （梅洛迪.霍布森，星巴克集团董事会主席）
A crisis brings together people in ways that you can't even imagine would be possible. 一场危机，以你无法想象的方式，将人们聚集在一起。
(telephone rings) [电话铃声]
It's Bill. 我是比尔。
Listen, change of plan. 听着，计划改变了。
How soon can he get on a plane? 他多快才能上飞机？
Detroit. 去底特律。
(plane engine roaring) (bright music) [飞机发动机轰鸣声] [明快的音乐声]
[Narrator] Knudsen sends Kaiser to Ford,to learn the secret of mass production. [旁白] 克努森派凯泽去找福特，学习大规模生产的秘密。
(typewriter clicks) [打字机敲击声]
-Is that him? -It is. -是他吗？ -是的。
Are you coming? 你来吗？
(upbeat music) [欢快音乐]
(gears turning) [齿轮转动声]
So this is the pre-production. 这是生产之前的准备。
Working on suspensions. 正在研究悬挂装置。
[Narrator] Ford gives Kaiser unprecedented access to his operations [旁白] 福特给了凯泽史无前例的权限，让他可以
where army Jeeps are now assembled by the thousands. 在近距离观看到，成千上万的军用吉普车的生产线。
So you make the plates further up the line,and then you weld them here? 所以你把工作平台放在生产线的上面，然后在这里焊接?
No, no, no. 不，不，不。
All the pieces are made in factories offsite. 所有的零件，都是在工厂外生产的。
All we do here is put them together and roll off the finished product. 我们在这里所做的就是把它们组装放在一起，然后滚出成品。
[Narrator] For Kaiser, the factory tour is a revelation. [旁白] 对凯泽来说，参观工厂是一种启示。
(upbeat music) [欢快音乐]
Ford's secret to mass production is prefabrication. 福特大规模生产的秘诀是，预制。
Rather than build each car part-by-part, 他不是一个零件一个零件地，制造每一辆车，
he pre-assembles components and then puts them together. 而是预先组装零部件，然后再把它们组装在一起。
Kaiser never had any kind of experience with or working in the automobile industry. 凯泽从未在汽车行业有过任何经验，也从未在汽车行业工作过。
He didn't know about how Henry Ford built assembly line production for automobiles. 他不知道亨利·福特，是如何建立汽车装配线生产的。
Let me show you something else. 让我给你看些别的东西。
(upbeat music) [欢快的音乐]
[Narrator] Kaiser realizes that what Ford had been doing with cars, can be translated to ships. [旁白] 凯泽意识到福特在汽车上所做的事情，可以用在轮船上。
The big change that Kaiser brought to shipbuilding was you could assemble all these parts, 凯泽给造船业带来的最大变化是，你可以组装所有的部件，
not just at the dock where you're building the ship, 不仅仅是在造船的码头上，
but do it on land first and then move big sections of the ship in, one by one, 还可以先在陆地上组装，然后把船的大块部件一个一个地搬过来，
and then assembling them like big Lego. 然后像大乐高积木一样组装起来。
[Narrator] From construction areas spread across the entire shipyard, [旁白] 从遍布整个造船厂的施工区域，
prefabricated sections are hoisted by massive Worley cranes, 预制构件由巨大的“沃利”起重机吊起，
running on railroad tracks and able to spin 360 degrees. 在铁轨上运行，可以360度旋转。
Everything was carefully marked, you know,tab A into slot A, 所有的东西都被仔细地标记了，你知道，插件A对应着插槽A，
and so it was simply a question then of assembling, 所以，剩下就是一个组装的问题，
welding everything together and moving onto the next stage. 把所有的东西焊接在一起，然后进入下一个阶段。
[Narrator] Thanks in part to Ford's insights, [旁白] 部分地感谢参观福特工厂的领悟，
Kaiser can now build a Liberty ship every month. 凯泽现在每个月，都能建造一艘“自由轮”。
And by operating a total of seven shipyards,he's launching a ship every two to three days. 他总共经营着7家造船厂，每两到三天就有一艘船下水。
You were able to get a ship built and out onto the water 你可以建造一艘船，然后出海，
in ways that no one who was a conventional ship builder, 这是任何一个传统造船商
could ever have imagined possible. 都无法想象的。
(upbeat music) [欢快的音乐]
I think you can safely say,that Henry Kaiser was the father of modern ship building. 我想你可以肯定地说，亨利·凯泽是现代造船之父。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
密歇根州 高地公园 克莱斯勒汽车公司
[Narrator] While Kaiser finds success with his Liberty ships, [旁白]当凯撒在他的“自由轮”上取得成功时，
Chrysler has made significant improvements to their tanks. 克莱斯勒公司对他们的坦克，进行了重大改进。
The M3 tank was discontinued,and was replaced by the M4. M-3坦克停产，被M-4坦克取代。 (查尔斯.海德，《克莱斯勒的历史》的作者)
The M4 was easy to produce, it wasn't very expensive,had a good gun to it,initially, a 75 millimeter. M4很容易生产，也不是很贵，有很好的火炮，一开始是75毫米口径。 (斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军，退役美国陆军)
[Narrator] Weighing in at nearly 35 tons,it's a major improvement over the M3, [旁白]重量接近35吨，这是M3的重大改进，
but this big new tank requires a much more powerful engine. 但这种大型新坦克，需要更强大的发动机。
[Knudsen] So effectively it's five, six cylinder engines arranged around a central shaft? [克努森] 所以能说，实际上是五、六缸发动机围绕着一个中心轴吗?
[Engineer] Correct, sir. [工程师] 没错，先生。
No, it's too big. 不，它太大了。
Where are all the crew gonna go? 乘员们要呆在哪里?
I mean if we can't fit a five man crew and enough munitions inside then what is the point? 我的意思是，如果我们不能装下五个乘员和足够的弹药，那还有什么意义呢?
Chrysler's engineers took an existing motor,that Chrysler had used in its automobiles, 克莱斯勒的工程师们，用了一个克莱斯勒汽车上使用的现有发动机，
and they devised a way of arranging five of those around in a circle. 他们设计了一种方法，把五个发动机排成一个圈。
And that's why it got the name the quint-engine or the egg-beater. 这就是为什么，它被称为“五引擎打蛋器”。
[Narrator] Knudsen needs to find a smaller engine that's still robust enough to power the M4. [旁白] 克努森需要找到一个更小的发动机，仍然足够强大，为M4提供动力。
(anticipatory music) (paper crunches) [预期的音乐声] [展开图纸的声音]
(telephone dial turns) [电话转盘]
Hello. I'd like to speak to Mr. Ford,Mr. Henry Ford. 你好。我想和福特先生通话。亨利·福特。
(gentle music) [柔和的音乐]
So, V8? 那么，是V8吗？
Right? 对吗？
Who's it for? 是给谁的？
Who did you say? 你说是谁？
[Narrator] Giving advice to a shipbuilder like Kaiser is one thing, [旁白]给凯泽这样的造船公司提供建议是一回事，
but sharing trade secrets,like engine designs, 但与竞争对手的汽车制造商分享商业机密，
with a rival automaker,is completely different. 比如发动机设计，则完全是另一回事。
Sometimes when we work with others,even people we think we intensely dislike, 有时候，当我们和别人一起工作，甚至是我们认为 （卡尔丽.费奥瑞纳，惠普公司前首席执行官）
and these titans intensely disliked each other, 我们非常不喜欢的人，这些巨头们非常不喜欢彼此，
when we can somehow set that aside for a purpose larger than themselves, 当我们能以某种方式，把这些敌视搁置一旁，为了一个比自己更大的目标，
truly great things can happen. 真正伟大的事情就会发生。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐] （密歇根州 高地公园 克莱斯勒汽车公司）
(wood creaking) [木板咯吱声]
[Narrator] Ford agrees to give Chrysler the designs for his 500 horsepower V8. [旁白] 福特同意将500马力V8引擎的设计，交给克莱斯勒。
Okay. 好吧。
[Narrator] One of the most powerful engines ever built. [旁白] 有史以来最强大的引擎之一。
It's a great example how companies who once were competitors worked together 这是一个很好的例子，曾经是竞争对手的公司如何合作， (马克.库班，达拉斯小牛队经营者及拥有者)
to help us save the United States of America. 帮助我们拯救美利坚合众国。
You know, and that's one of the beauties of this nation. 你知道，这就是这个国家的魅力之一。
[Narrator] The M4 will be better known by its nickname, [旁白] M4更广为人知的绰号是:
the Sherman tank. 谢尔曼坦克。
Now 400 Shermans are quickly assembled and sent to North Africa. 现在，400辆谢尔曼被迅速组装起来，送往北非。
The allies now, have a formidable new weapon,in the fight against Hitler. 盟军现在有了一种强大的新武器，用来对抗希特勒。
(ominous music) [不祥的音乐声]
(dramatic orchestral music) [剧情管弦乐声] （美国的反击）
[Newsreel Reporter] After early defeat, [新闻片讲解员] 在早期失败后，
America's back in the fight in North Africa. 美国重返北非战场。
And they've got the Nazis on the run. 他们已经把纳粹赶跑了。
Most heartening of all is the news from Egypt and North Africa. 最令人振奋的是，来自埃及和北非的消息。
Some of them Nazis beaten off in their first real battle with American troops, surrender. 他们中的一些纳粹军人，在与美国军队的第一次真正战斗中被打败，并投降了。
[Announcer 3] The Yank tracer bullets go up,and Nazi planes come down. [解说员3] 美国人发射曳光弹，纳粹飞机坠落。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐] (新闻片《太平洋上的战争》)
[Newsreel Announcer 2] First blow falls on the Japanese, [新闻短片解说员2] 第一击落在日本人身上，
in the strategically important Solomon Islands,in the South Pacific. 位于南太平洋，具有重要战略意义的，所罗门群岛。
Here for the first time,the weight of of American production makes itself felt. 在这里，人们第一次感受到美国生产的影响力。
(cannon explosions) [舰炮爆炸声]
[Narrator] A little more than a year after the US joins the war, [旁白]在美国参战一年多后，
there is finally some positive news,as America's military gets stronger by the day. 终于有了一些积极的消息，美国的军事力量日益强大。
(upbeat music) [欢快的音乐]
At home, it seems like everyone has the same goal, 在国内，似乎每个人都有一个共同的目标，
to build the greatest war machine in history. 那就是，建造历史上最伟大的战争机器。
It's true the borrowing is unprecedented,but I wouldn't worry. 借款确实是史无前例的，但我并不担心。
Massive spending will stimulate the economy. 大规模的支出将刺激经济。
So by the end of the war, economic growth together with inflation will all but wipe out the debt. 因此，到战争结束时，经济增长加上通货膨胀，将几乎消除债务。
[Narrator] Morgan now holds weekly meetings with FDR,to make sure the war gets the financing it needs. [旁白] 摩根现在每周与罗斯福会面，以确保战争获得所需的资金。
This is very good. 这酒不错。
One of the most surprising elements of the whole story of World War II, 第二次世界大战的整个故事中，最令人惊讶的因素之一，
was the degree to which these rivals successfully came together to build the arsenal of democracy. 是这些对手成功地走到一起，建立了“民主的兵工厂”。 （A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人 ）
Right, that's good in theory but in practice just one bottleneck will halt the whole production line. 是的，理论上这很好，但实际上，只要一个瓶颈，就会使整个生产线停工。
[du Pont] I understand. [杜邦] 我明白。
So what if we pre-assemble parts in different factories? 那么，如果我们在不同的工厂预装零件呢?
Do you think that would help? 你觉得那会有用吗?
They were rivals before the war,now they're working together. 他们战前是竞争对手，现在他们在一起工作。
There was a writer at the time who said it was almost as if players of the New York Yankees 当时有一位作家说，这就好像是纽约扬基队的球员
took a few days off to win some games for the Dodgers. 请了几天假，为道奇队赢得了几场比赛。
[Announcer] American industry has met the challenge of war. [播音员] 美国工业已经迎接了战争的挑战。
In hundreds of peaceful towns,thousands of small industries were fitted into the national war production plan. 在数百个和平的城镇，成千上万的小工业被纳入国家战时生产计划。
(suspenseful music) [悬疑的音乐]
[Narrator] Now nearly every factory in the country [旁白]现在，这个国家几乎所有的工厂，
has become part of one giant, coordinated war machine. 都成为了一个巨大的、协调一致的战争机器的一部分。
The way these companies came together in our country's time of need was extraordinary. 在我们国家需要帮助的时候，这些公司以不同寻常的方式团结在一起。
They put their business competitiveness and their own needs aside,and said we've gotta step up for our country. 他们把商业竞争力和自身需求放在一边，说我们必须为我们的国家挺身而出。 (斯蒂芬妮.吕勒，全国广播公司新闻节目高级商业记者)
Companies big and small all over the country were doing things that none of those people 全国各地大大小小的公司，都在做着那些
who worked at those companies,ever dreamed would be possible. 在这些公司工作的人，做梦都想不到的事情。
General Electric was building 30,000 horsepower naval turbines. “通用电气”正在建造3万马力的海军涡轮机。
Westinghouse Electric was building radar equipment. “西屋电气”正在制造雷达设备。
The Kleenex tissue company was building 50 caliber machine gun mounts. “舒洁纸巾”公司，正在建造50口径的机枪支架。
(dramatic music) [剧情音乐]
[Narrator] FDR even embarks on a secret tour to see the military production firsthand. [旁白] 罗斯福甚至开始了一次秘密之旅，去亲眼看看军事生产。
He visits Henry Kaiser's shipyards,and gets a close up look at Chrysler's Sherman tank. 他参观了亨利·凯泽的造船厂，近距离观察了克莱斯勒的谢尔曼坦克。
(gentle apprehensive music) [舒缓的音乐]
But when he checks on the progress of Ford's B24 bombers,the news isn't good. 但当他查看福特B-24轰炸机的进展时，消息并不乐观。
At the time,Willow Run was not living up to its objectives. 当时，Willow Run并没有达到它的目标。
Only one bomber ship had been built at the time of FDR's visit. 罗斯福到访时，那里只建造了一艘轰炸机。
This was a disaster. 这是场灾难。
密歇根州 伊普斯兰迪 Willow Run
We can redesign it with a single tail fin. 我们可以重新设计一个尾翼。
(tense suspenseful music) [紧张悬疑的音乐]
Hold on, we, we've discussed this. 等等，我们已经讨论了这个问题。
Yeah, but that won't fix it. 是啊，但那也解决不了问题。
Look, I understand what you're asking,but we're talking about two different... 我明白你的意思，但我们说的是两个不同的…
I don't. 我没有。
Hold on. 等一下。
Military is still trying to make changes. 军方仍在试图做出改变。
Understood. We'll talk later. 理解。我们以后再谈。
(gentle brooding music) [轻柔的沉思音乐]
I wanna show you something. 我给你看一些东西。
(upbeat dramatic music) [欢快的戏剧音乐]
Willow Run was falling desperately behind Willow Run已经严重落后了，
and one of the ways that Edsel Ford managed to fix this problem 艾德塞尔.福特设法解决这个问题的方法之一，
was to come up with something called modification centers,where changes could be made. 就是建立了一个叫做“修改中心”的机构，在那里可以做出改变。
We manufacturer one standard model, one. 我们生产一种标准型号，就一种。
As soon as they roll out the door, 一旦它们出厂后，
they fly off to a modification center 它们就会被飞往“改装中心”，
and this will save time. 这样会节省时间。
That's what I'm telling you. 这就是我要告诉你的。
(bright music) [明快的音乐]
Sounds good? 听着不错吧？
Every time the military ordered a new design tweak or a new change to the aircraft, 每次军方下令对飞机进行新的设计调整，或新的更改时，
the modification center would handle that particular change, 改装中心都会处理这一特定的更改， （阿曼达.古德哈特.帕克斯，新英格兰航空博物馆历史学家）
without having to retool the entire assembly line. 而不必重新调整，整个装配线。
Come on. 快点吧。
This should be it. 应该就成了。
(airplane engine turning over) [飞机引擎转动声]
[Narrator] Modification centers are a game changer. [旁白] 改装中心改变了游戏规则。
(gentle upbeat music) [温和欢快的音乐]
By early 1943,Willow Run is cranking out B-24s at record speed. 1943年初，Willow Run以创纪录的速度生产B -24型轰炸机。
These planes are coming out of the factory so fast that the test pilots, their test flight 这些飞机从工厂生产出来的速度非常快，以至于试飞员，他们的试飞
was actually to be delivering it to the military. 实际上，是要把它，交付给军方。
And it was really Ford's effort I think that made the B-24 what it still is today, 我认为是福特的努力让B-24成为了今天的样子，
which is the most mass-produced American military aircraft of all time. (plane engine roaring) 这是美国有史以来，最大规模生产的军用飞机。 [飞机引擎轰鸣]
(gentle piano music) [轻柔的钢琴曲]
(gentle piano music continues) [轻柔的钢琴曲继续]
Good work. 干得不错。
Good. 很好
(tense music playing) [紧张的音乐响起] （密歇根州 伊普斯兰迪 Willow Run ）
[Narrator] Edsel Ford has finally figured out how to do something that's never been done before; [旁白] 艾德塞尔.福特最终想出了一种前所未有的方法，来解决这个问题；
Mass Produce Bombers 大批量生产轰炸机。
But now, he has a new problem. 但现在，他有了一个新问题。
We are moving as fast as we can. 我们已经在，尽快加速生产了。
I know. 我知道。
Edsel Ford realized that the labor force was gonna be a major issue. 埃德塞尔·福特意识到，劳动力将成为一个大问题。
When Willow Run was conceived,it was thought that a hundred thousand people were going to work there. 在筹建Willow Run时，他们认为，会有十万人在那里工作。 (A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人)
But so many young men were being drafted into the military. 但是很多年轻人，被征召入伍。
[Narrator] Every factory in America faces the same challenge. [旁白] 美国的每一家工厂都面临着同样的挑战。
But then, a surprising group comes to the rescue. 但随后，一群令人惊讶的人，来拯救它。
Women. 妇女们。
(bright upbeat music) [明快的音乐]
Before that of course, there were acceptable professions for women. 当然，在那之前，女性也有可以接受的职业。
We could be teachers or we could be nurses. 我们可以当老师，也可以当护士。
Although the most important one was mother and wife. 尽管最重要的是，母亲和妻子。 （梅洛迪.霍布森，星巴克集团董事会主席）
Then you get to World War II. 然后，二战就爆发了。
And for the first time, we are needed in factories. 工厂开始需要我们了，这是破天荒的第一次。
And so women came out in droves to work in those factories 所以女性成群结队地，来到这些工厂工作，
and said we want a chance to demonstrate what we can do. 说我们想要一个机会，来证明我们能做什么。 （卡尔丽.费奥瑞纳，惠普公司前首席执行官）
[Narrator] 19 million women take jobs in factories,shipyards and military bases. [旁白] 1900万妇女在工厂，造船厂和军事基地工作。
Making up nearly 40% of the US workforce. 占美国劳动力的近40%。
One of Willow Runs Factory hands will go on to inspire the nation. Willow Runs 工厂的一名员工，将继续激励这个国家。
Her name is Rose Will Monroe. 她的名字是：露丝.威尔.梦露。
But she'll become immortalized with another name. 但她会以另一个名字，永垂不朽。
Rosie the Riveter was actually a real woman who moved to Willow Run from Kentucky 铆工露丝实际上是一个真实存在的女人，她从肯塔基州搬到Willow Run， （查尔斯.海德，《克莱斯勒的历史》的作者）
and they were first going to give her a secretary's job but she figured out that if she was a riveter 他们最初打算给她一份秘书的工作，但她发现如果她当一名铆工，
she'd make twice as much money. 她会赚两倍的钱。
They asked her if she had experienced and she said, yes, she lied, she didn't. 他们问她是否以前干过，她说，是的，她撒谎了，她没有干过。
But she got a job as a riveter. 但是，她得到了这铆工的职位。
[Narrator] Rose becomes part of a government campaign to boost morale and turns in to an icon. [旁白] 露丝成为了政府鼓舞士气运动的一部分，变成了一个偶像。
Rosie the Riveter mattered so much at that point in history. “铆工露丝”在历史上，不同凡响，
She was in a man's world. 她走进了男人的世界。
It took away this brand that we could only be the woman behind the man or the damsel in distress. 它改变了我们，关于“只能是男人背后的女人”或“陷入困境的少女”的烙印。 （斯蒂芬妮.吕勒，全国广播公司新闻节目高级商业记者）
She could survive and thrive in a man's world. 她可以在男人的世界里生存和发展。
[Narrator] Out west,groundbreaking changes are also taking place at Kaiser Shipyards. [旁白]在西部，凯泽造船厂也发生了突破性的变化。
(serene music playing) [安详的音乐响起]
Kaiser had absolutely no sense that there was a need to discriminate in the jobs that men could do 凯泽完全没有意识到，有必要在工作中进行男性 （阿瑟.赫尔曼，《自由的铸造》的作者及历史学家）
and women can do or African-Americans as well. 和女性，以及非裔美国人中进行歧视。
And when you look at, for example photographs of shipyard teams working together, 当你看造船厂团队一起工作的照片时，
what you see is a diversity of Americans which is really extraordinary at the time. 你看到的是，美国人的多样性，这在当时是非常不同寻常的。
There extremely limited opportunities for African-Americans to have prominent roles during the second world war. 非裔美国人在二战期间，扮演重要角色的机会，非常有限。 （尤胡鲁.威廉姆斯，圣托马斯大学历史学家及作家）
They also are fighting two wars. 他们还在打两场战争。
The war to support the effort against what's happening in Europe, and the struggle for quality home. 这场战争既是努力为了支持对抗欧洲正在发生的事情，也是为了争取优质的家园。
But African-American labor is essential in helping to build the arsenal of democracy. 但非洲裔美国人的劳动，对于帮助建立“民主兵工厂”至关重要。
(tense music playing) [紧张的音乐响起]
[Narrator] Now with America's factories at peak production, FDR can finally make plans for what's next. [旁白]现在美国的工厂达到了生产高峰，罗斯福终于可以为下一步做计划了。
What Roosevelt realized right away,is that the United States is at war in two theaters. 罗斯福立刻意识到，美国正处于两场战争中。 （H.W.布兰兹，得克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家）
In the Pacific and in the Atlantic. 在太平洋和大西洋。
And the Atlantic theater Europe is the one that takes precedence in his mind. 大西洋战区欧洲，是他心目中优先考虑的。
All the why Americans were thinking,okay, we're going to invade France one day, 这就是为什么美国人会想，好吧，总有一天我们会入侵法国，
to prepare for the kind of final blow against Germany. 为对德国的最后一击做准备。
The amount of things,armaments that we would need was staggering, 5,000 ships, 我们需要的武器数量是惊人的，5000艘船，
thousands and thousands of bombers and tanks and the country leaned into it. 成千上万的轰炸机和坦克，整个国家都在依赖它。 （斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军，退役美国陆军）
[Narrator] But as American industries race towards invasion,(plane engine roaring) [旁白] 正当美国工业向着入侵行动前进时，[飞机引擎轰鸣]
allied intelligence learns alarming news. 盟军的情报部门，掌握了惊人的情报。
Hitler is secretly developing a devastating new weapon. 希特勒正在秘密研制一种毁灭性的新武器。
One that could instantly end the war, 这可以立即结束战争，
(bomb explosion) the atomic bomb. [爆炸声] 原子弹。
And FDR must once again, turn to du Pont. 罗斯福必须再次求助于杜邦。
(car engine revving) (ominous music) [汽车引擎加速] [不祥的音乐]
(footsteps clacking) [脚步声]
[Soldier] Haigerloch, Germany. [军人] 这里是德国的海格拉赫。
This could be the site of the laboratory. 这可能是实验室的所在地。
We're waiting for intelligence confirmation on that. 我们正在等待情报部门的确认。
Our field agent reports that this man 据我们的侦察员报告，这个家伙
is a regular visitor, Heisenberg. 是这里的常客，他名叫海森堡。
(serene music) [令人沉静的音乐]
Our understanding is that he has been working with Germans for the last two months. 据我们所知，过去两个月他一直在和德国军方合作。
Designing what we believe is a nuclear device. 设计我们认为是核装置的东西。
[Showden] At the time there was research happening around nuclear fission. [肖登] 当时有关于核裂变的研究。
[Soldier] Uranverein translates as Uranium Club. [军人] Uranverein，翻译过来就是：核俱乐部。
This emerging technology could result in a bomb 这种新兴的技术可能会导致我们 （玛瑞娜.罗宾逊.肖登，约翰.霍普金斯大学核工程师）
of the size and scale that we had never seen. 从未见过的大小和规模的炸弹。
Their goal is to create a sustained nuclear chain 他们的目标是制造出一个能够
reaction capable of delivering a large impact. 产生巨大冲击的，持续的核连锁反应。
There was a serious fear that Nazi Germany 人们非常担心纳粹德国
would acquire this weapons technology before the United States. 会在美国之前获得这种武器技术。
And that all bets would be off. 所有的赌注，都将化为乌有。
So far, they haven't succeeded, 到目前为止，他们还没有成功，
but it's only a matter of time. 但这只是时间问题。
Whoever figured this out first was gonna win the war. 谁先搞出来这玩意儿，谁就能赢得战争。 （乔纳森.鲁斯，特拉华大学历史学家）
(tense music playing) [紧张的音乐响起]
《曼哈顿计划》
[Narrator] Code named the Manhattan Project. [旁白]代号为曼哈顿计划。
America's attempt to build an atomic bomb 美国制造原子弹的尝试
is led by theoretical physicist, Robert Oppenheimer. 由理论物理学家罗伯特·奥本海默领导。
Oppenheimer has figured out the science but now he needs the fuel. 奥本海默已经搞清楚了科学，但现在他需要燃料。
Du Pont is being asked to do something that's never been done before. 杜邦被要求做一件前所未有的事。
Build a nuclear reactor to produce plutonium. 建造一个核反应器，来制造钚。
Nobody even really knew what that meant, 甚至没有人真正知道，这意味着什么，
but what the government saw was that the DuPont company was extraordinarily well managed. 但政府看到的是，杜邦公司管理得非常好。
And if anybody could figure this out, 如果有人能解决这个问题，
it was going to be DuPont. 那一定是杜邦公司。
[Narrator] After working so hard to leave munitions behind, [旁白] 在经历了军火生产的重重困难之后，
du Pont now holds in his hands' plans for the most destructive weapon on earth. 杜邦现在手里拿着，地球上最具毁灭性武器的计划。
(serene music) [令人沉静的音乐]
(car engine roars) [汽车引擎轰鸣声]
As du Pont tackles an impossible task, 当杜邦处理一项不可能完成的任务时，
he finds out some devastating news. 他发现了一些毁灭性的消息。
(birds chirping) [鸟鸣声] (1943年三月13日)
(door knocking) [敲门声]
Mr. Morgan, Mr. Morgan. 摩根先生，摩根先生。
(door creaks open) [门嘎吱一声开了]
(curtain rattling) [窗帘沙沙声]
Mr. Morgan. 摩根先生
(solemn music plays) [庄严的音乐响起]
[Narrator] In the spring of 1943, JP Morgan Jr. [旁白]1943年春天，小JP摩根。
Dies in his sleep from a stroke. 在睡梦中死于中风。
Word of Morgan's death is withheld until after the stock market closes. 摩根去世的消息，直到股市收盘后才公布。
So as not to cause a crash in share prices. 这样就不会导致股价暴跌。
(dramatic music playing) [剧情音乐响起]
Morgan's influence could be felt in every corner of American society. 摩根的影响，遍及美国社会的各个角落。
He bankrolled the country's largest industry, cars. 他资助了这个国家最大的产业——汽车。
Fueled the wild spending of the roaring twenties 在繁荣的二十年代助推了疯狂消费，
and then was targeted when the depression hit. 然后在大萧条袭来时，成为众矢之的。
Are you familiar with defense bonds? 你熟悉“国防债券”吗?
[Narrator] But in the end, Morgan was able to do something good for the country. [旁白]但最终，摩根还是为国家做了一些好事。
And now his banking empire continues on. 现在，他的银行帝国，还在继续。
The legacy at JP Morgan Jr, is JP Morgan chase today. 小J.P摩根的遗产，就是现在的“摩根大通”。
Back then it was only a couple hundred people. 当时只有几百人。
It was a smaller institution,is now basically two or three thousand companies a part of it. 它当时是一个较小的机构，现在，基本上有两三千家公司，参与其中。 （杰米.戴蒙，摩根大通集团首席执行官）
So it's quite the company they started. 这是他们开创的公司。
They'd be, hopefully,they'd be very proud of it. 他们应该会，也希望他们会，为此感到自豪。
[Narrator] Then just two months later,another Titan dies. [旁白]两个月后，另一个泰坦巨人死了。
(solemn music playing) [庄严的音乐响起] （密歇根州 底特律）
Henry Ford's only son, Edsel. 亨利·福特的独子，埃德塞尔。
In order to concentrate on his bomber factory,Edsel didn't tell his family that he's been 为了专注于他的轰炸机工厂，埃德塞尔没有告诉家人，
suffering from stomach cancer for over a year. 他已经患有胃癌一年多了。
Henry was heartbroken by Edsel's death. 埃德塞尔的死，让亨利伤心欲绝。
He would talk about how he had this lump in his throat that couldn't go away. 他会说，他喉咙里，有个无法消除的肿块。 （A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人）
[Edsel] Get your coat, [艾德塞尔] 穿上你的外套，
I want to take you somewhere. 我想带你去个地方。
We should get into this. (plane engine roaring) 我们应该进入这个行业。 [飞机发动机轰鸣声]
(tense upbeat music playing) [紧张的振奋音乐响起]
[Narrator] Edsel may be gone, [旁白] 埃德塞尔虽然走了，
but he leaves behind his greatest achievement. 但他留下了他最伟大的成就。
His factory is now rolling out a new bomber every hour. 他的工厂，现在每小时，生产一架新的轰炸机。
B-24s leave Willow Run by the thousands, 成千上万的B-24轰炸机离开了Willow Run，
heading directly for Europe to take part 直接前往欧洲，参加了
in the biggest invasion the world has ever seen, D-Day. 史上最大的登陆行动，D日诺曼底登陆。
(radio static) [无线电静电噪声]
[Announcer] Ladies and gentlemen, [播音员] 女士们，先生们，
The President of the United States. 现在是，美利坚合众国总统。
[FDR] My fellow Americans last night, [F.D富兰克林] 我亲爱的美国同胞们，昨晚，
when I spoke with you I knew at that moment, 当我和你说话时，我就知道了，
the troops of the United States 美国的部队，
and our allies were crossing the channel. 和我们盟军渡过了英吉利海峡。
In this poignant hour, 此时此刻，
I asked you to join with me in prayer. 我请求你们和我一起，向祈祷上帝。
(tense music playing) [紧张的音乐响起]
Our Mighty God, our son's pride of our Nation, 万能的上帝，你是我们民族赤子的荣耀，
this day have set upon a mighty endeavor, 请在今天，尽量展现你的万能，
a struggle to preserve our republic, 为了保卫我们的共和政体，
our religion, and our civilization, 我们的宗教，和我们的文明而战，
and to set free a suffering humanity. 让受苦受难的人类，获得自由。
(plane engine roaring) [飞机引擎轰鸣]
(bomb exploding) [炸弹爆炸声] （1944年六月6日）
Allied invasion of Europe D-day as they call it, 盟军入侵欧洲，他们称之为D日登陆战，
was the biggest amphibious operation in history. 这是历史上最大的两栖作战。 （斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军，退役美国陆军）
5,000 ships, thousands and thousands of men 5000艘船，成千上万的人
from landing craft and then the paratroopers then bombers. 从登陆艇上下来，然后是伞兵和轰炸机。
Logistics, that it's hard to describe. 后勤支援，困难得难以描述。
But then you bring it down to the soldier. 但你还得给登陆部队，提供后勤保障。
(bomb explodes) [炸弹爆炸声]
The people landing on any of the beaches in the first waves that morning 那天早上，如果有人在第一波浪潮中登陆任何一个海滩，
we're going into this incredibly difficult fight. 我们就会陷入一场极其艰难的战斗。
(gunshots and bombs blaring) [枪炮声和爆炸声]
(bright soft music playing) [简明柔和的音乐响起]
[Narrator] The invasion succeeds. [旁白] 登陆成功了。
Thanks in part to Kaiser's Ships, Chrysler's tanks 这在一定程度上要归功于凯撒的战舰，克莱斯勒的坦克，
Ford's bombers, and du Pont's firepower. 福特的轰炸机，还有杜邦的火力。
The allies have a small toehold into Hitler's Europe, 盟军在希特勒的欧洲，有一个小小的立足点，
(tense music) [紧张的音乐]
which allows a vast unbroken supply line between American Factories and the Front. 这使得美国工厂和前线之间，有一条巨大的不间断的补给线。
The war really did ultimately become a contest of mass production. 这场战争，最终真的变成了一场，大规模生产的竞赛。
The speed with which each side can build tanks,airplanes and hurl them into war. 双方拼的是，制造坦克、飞机并投入战场的速度。 （A.J.拜姆，《汽车业新闻》的撰稿人）
We were very slow to be mechanized. 我们原本的机械化进程，非常缓慢。 （吉姆.克莱默，全美广播公司财经频道《疯狂的资本》节目主持人）
And then we exploded. 然后我们就爆发了。
There was no one who could make more planes and ships than we could. 没有人能比我们，制造更多的飞机和船只。
I mean, it's shocking. 我是说，这太令人震惊了。
There was nobody who could beat United States. 没有人能打败美国。
[Announcer] Today we slogged across the flooded fields of France, American, British and Canadian [播音员]今天，在泥泞积水的法国战场上，我们美国、英国和加拿大的部队，
in eight weeks came the big breakthrough and suddenly Paris was free. 艰难跋涉了八个星期，终于有了重大突破，巴黎突然自由了。
Six great allied armies pushed the Western Front into Germany itself. 六支强大的盟军将西部战线，推进到了德国境内。
Against fanatical resistance,we reached the River Rhine. 在敌人顽强的抵抗下，我们到达了莱茵河。
[Announcer] And to the east Moscow radio [播音员] 按照东线的莫斯科广播电台，
tonight three Savage fighting鈥 今夜,将进行三场激烈的战斗...
[Narrator] Despite the good news from Europe,a stunning loss is felt at home. [旁白] 尽管欧洲传来了好消息，但美国国内却感受到了令人震惊的损失。 （1945年四月12日）
[Announcer] The one good heave all together to end the war in Europe. [播音员] 这一场伟大的胜利，结束了欧洲的战争。
We take you now to NBC in warm Springs, Georgia. 这里是NBC在佐治亚州的温泉镇，向您作紧急报道。
[Announcer] Late this afternoon, [播音员]今天下午晚些时候，
the representatives of the press and radio were called in and given the shocking news 报界和电台的代表被叫了进来，告诉他们这个令人震惊的消息
of the president's passing at 3:35 PM. 总统在下午3点35分去世。
Mr. Roosevelt is said died of a massive cerebral hemorrhage. 据说，罗斯福先生是死于脑溢血。
Mr. Roosevelt while Warm Springs was to go on all American radio networks tomorrow night 罗斯福先生本打算在明天晚上，战时东部时间晚九点五十分，在温泉镇
at about 9:50 PM, Eastern wartime,and a special Jefferson day message to the American people. 通过全国广播网向美国人民，进行杰斐逊诞辰日的讲话。
(solemn music) [庄严的音乐]
Warm Springs as the rest of the nation is now in deepest mourning. 温泉镇和全国其他地方一样，现在都沉浸在，深深的哀悼之中。
They're our greatest friend and benefactor has passed from their midst. 人们都哀悼，我们最好的朋友，最善良的赐福者，离我们而去。
[Narrator] No matter where they stood before the war, [旁白] 不管战前他们站在哪里，
Americans stand together now in mourning their president. 美国人民现在都站在一起，悼念他们的总统。
You go back and you look at all these industrialists all these great Titans. 你回头看看这些实业家，这些伟大的巨人。 （唐尼.多伊奇，多伊奇广告传媒股份有限公司前主席）
Then you look at FDR, and they hated FDR. 再看看罗斯福，他们讨厌罗斯福。
Yet all those guys ended up getting behind him because at the end of the day, 而这些家伙们，最终都选择了支持他，因为不管怎么说，
they were smart enough to know they needed to. 他们也都足以聪明地明白，他们需要他。
If I had to use one word to describe FDR I would say, savior. 如果我必须用一个词来形容罗斯福，我会说，救世主。
I mean, he really saved our country and brought the pieces together. 我的意思是，他真的拯救了我们的国家，把碎片拼凑在一起。
He was the man for the moment 他就是应运而生的人。
(plane engine roaring)(tense music playing) [飞机引擎轰鸣] [紧张的音乐响起]
[Narrator] America presses on without FDR. [旁白] 失去了罗斯福，美国继续前行
And just two weeks later,Hitler realizes he's lost. 仅仅两周后，希特勒意识到，他输了。
On April 30th, 1945,Adolf Hitler commits suicide in his Berlin bunker. 1945年4月30日，阿道夫·希特勒在柏林的地堡内自杀。
Allied troops soon discover the full horror of Hitler's reign. 盟军很快就发现了，希特勒统治的所有恐怖。
Death camps. 死亡集中营。
Where the Nazis mass murdered 11 million people 纳粹屠杀了1100万人，
6 million are Jewish. 600万是犹太人。
Anybody alive in the 1930s started hearing about Hitler's antisemitism. 任何生活在20世纪30年代的人，都开始听说希特勒的反犹主义。 （道格拉斯.布林克利，莱斯大学历史学家及作家）
And then they heard about the round-up of Jews. 然后他们听说了犹太人被围捕的事。
The world didn't know quite how bad it was till we really got the visual evidence 直到我们得到了真正的视觉证据，世界才知道情况有多糟。
[Narrator] On May 7th,Germany surrenders unconditionally. [旁白] 5月7日，德国无条件投降。
And the war in Europe is over. 欧洲的战事，也就结束了。
(crowd cheering) (serene music) [人群的欢呼声] [令人发省的音乐]
VE day is amazing. 胜利日是迷人的。
Everybody's parties, screams, kisses, hugs. 人人都在聚集，尖叫，亲吻，拥抱。
It was just the euphoria,the idea that Europe had been liberated. 这只是一种狂喜，一种欧洲已经解放的想法。
That Hitler had fallen. 希特勒倒台了。
This meant everything to people. 这对人们来说意味着一切。
[Announcer] Victory in Europe brought wild rejoicing throughout the allied world, [播音员] 当三巨头宣布纳粹德国的垮台时，
as the Big-three announced the downfall of Nazi Germany. 欧洲的胜利给，整个盟国带来了热烈的喜悦。
New York celebration is typical of the Nation of joy. 纽约的庆祝活动，是典型的国家的欢快。
At the end of nearly six years of war in Europe. 在欧洲，近六年的战争结束之时。
It's a great day. 这是个伟大的日子。
As a thankful people let loose their pent up emotion. 作为一个感恩的人，他们释放被压抑的情绪。
For Americans this was great. 对美国人来说，这很伟大。
The mission accomplished in Europe but that was only halfway there. 在欧洲的使命已经完成，但这只是中间站。 (H.W.布兰兹，得克萨斯州大学奥斯汀分校历史学家及作家)
Japan was still fighting. 日本仍在战斗。
And so many of the units that fought in Europe 很多在欧洲作战的部队
were then brought back to the United States 被带回了美国，
and put on trains to the Pacific coast 然后被安排在开往太平洋海岸的火车上，
and they would head out and prepare for the invasion of Japan. 他们将出发，为入侵日本做准备。
(tense upbeat music) [紧张振奋的音乐]
[Narrator] The Titans know they cannot rest. [旁白] 泰坦们知道他们不能休息。
Kaiser, Ford, and du Pont's efforts, 凯泽，福特和杜邦的努力，
now turn squarely on defeating Japan. 现在完全转向击败日本。
A task they and the entire country realize will not be easy. 他们和整个国家都意识到，这项任务并不容易。
(tense music) [紧张的音乐]
[Narrator] With the war still raging against Japan,the DuPont company has secretly built the world's [旁白]在对日战争仍在激烈进行的时候，杜邦公司秘密建造了
first full-scale nuclear reactor. 世界上第一个全面的核反应堆。
汉福特反应装置 （位于华盛顿州的本顿县）
The DuPont Hanford reactor, was the first reactor to be built at that size, at that scale. 杜邦公司的“汉福德反应堆”，是第一个以这种规模建造的反应堆。
The nuclear reactor was critical to the Manhattan Project because they were 核反应堆对曼哈顿计划至关重要
after the production of plutonium,the nuclear fuel, right? 因为他们要生产钚，核燃料，对吧?
And plutonium is a radioactive element that is not present on earth in vast quantities. 钚是一种放射性元素，在地球上并不大量存在。 （玛瑞娜.罗宾逊.肖登，约翰.霍普金斯大学核工程师）
So they needed to generate this material to develop a nuclear bomb. 所以他们需要生产这种材料，来制造核弹。
[Narrator] The enormous complex requires 50,000 workers. [旁白] 庞大的工厂需要5万名工人。
(tense music) [紧张的音乐]
The DuPont company, of course,when they're approached about the Manhattan Project, 杜邦公司，当他们被问及曼哈顿计划时，
the outcome of this was uncertain. 结果是不确定的。 （乔纳森.鲁斯，特拉华大学历史学家）
The risks were great. 风险很大。
Nobody knew if this was even possible. 没人知道，这是否可能。
(bright upbeat music) [明快的振奋音乐]
[Narrator] Now du Pont's reactor is up and running. [旁白] 现在，杜邦的反应堆已经开始运转了。
In the morning, he'll send the first shipment of enriched plutonium to Los Alamos New Mexico. 明天早上，他会把第一批浓缩钚，送到新墨西哥州的洛斯阿拉莫斯。
Where Robert Oppenheimer will use it to test the world's first atomic bomb. 罗伯特·奥本海默将用它来试爆，世界上第一颗原子弹。
(bomb explosion) [炸弹爆炸声]
The test is a success. 试爆成功了。
Justice du Pont's plutonium and Oppenheimer's bomb have unleashed the power of the universe. 正义杜邦的钚，和奥本海默的炸弹，释放了宇宙的力量。
(tense music playing) [紧张的音乐响起]
The new president, Harry S Truman is finalizing plans to defeat Japan and end the war. 新总统哈里·S·杜鲁门正在最后决定，击败日本并结束战争的计划。
Much remains to be done. 还有许多工作要做。
The power of our people to defend themselves,against all enemies will be proved 我国人民保卫自己、抵御一切敌人的力量，将在太平洋战争中
in the Pacific war, as it was proved in Europe. 得到证明，正如在欧洲战争中得到证明一样。
(solders stomping) [鬼子兵的跺脚声]
American leaders were thinking about the invasion of Japan. 美国领导人，正在考虑入侵日本。
They were thinking that they might take a hundred thousand or even a million casualties 他们认为，他们可能会牺牲10万，甚至100万的伤亡 （斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军，退役美国陆军）
killed and wounded to try to subjugate all of Japan. 来征服整个日本。
Having experienced the earlier casualties in the island hopping campaign 在经历了早期跳岛战役的伤亡后 （戴维.彼得雷乌斯将军，中央情报局前局长）
knowing that the Japanese soldiers 知道日本士兵
and aviators are going to fight to the death. 和飞行员将会战斗到“玉碎”。
All of this is weighing on Truman. 所有这些，都让杜鲁门倍感压力。
Franklin Roosevelt never informed Truman about the Manhattan Project. 富兰克林·罗斯福从未将曼哈顿计划，告知杜鲁门。
So he was quite stunned to find out that we had this atomic bomb program 所以当他发现我们有这个原子弹项目时，他非常震惊 （道格拉斯.布林克利，莱斯大学历史学家及作家）
and the last one had been tested in New Mexico and it worked. 直到一颗在新墨西哥州试爆成功了。
And now this became the secret weapon. 现在这成了秘密武器。
(plane engines rumbling) [飞机引擎轰鸣]
[Narrator] And to carry this weapon, America has a new Ultra-long Range Bomber able to reach Japan. [旁白] 为了携带这种武器，美国有一种新的超远程轰炸机，可以飞到日本。
The Boeing B-29 superfortress. 波音公司的B-29“空中超级堡垒”。
William Boeing has come out of retirement to help design and build it. 威廉·波音已经复出，帮助设计和建造它。
This was on a new scale. 这是一个新的规模。
We had this weapon that could change history forever. 我们拥有这个，可以永远改变历史的武器。
And president Truman had to go through that decision-taking process. 杜鲁门总统必须经历，这样的决策过程。
There was a moral part to it. (solemn music) 这是道德的一部分。 [庄严的音乐]
Nobody quite knew what the atomic weapon would do. 没有人确切知道，原子武器会做什么。
The gambit of Truman was to save American lives. 按照杜鲁门的说法，是拯救美国人的生命。
So he wanted to show Japan that we've got this weapon and we're willing to use it in. 所以，他想向日本展示，我们拥有这种武器，并且我们愿意使用它。
And Japan didn't know how many of these bombs we have. 日本不知道，我们有多少这样的炸弹。
There are only two of them however. 然而，只有两颗。
And you don't necessarily want to have a test run if you're not sure it's going to work. 如果你不确定，它是否有效，你不一定非要去，试一下它。
He ultimately makes that very, very difficult decision 他最终做出了一个，非常非常艰难的决定，
to use the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 在广岛和长崎，投下原子弹。
(solemn music playing) [严肃的音乐响起]
(telephone rings) [电话铃声]
Yes. 是我。
I see. 我知道了。
Thank you. 谢谢你。
(sighs heavily) [沉重的叹息声]
[Narrator] The war is over. [旁白] 战争结束了。
Bringing an end to the deadliest conflict in human history. 结束了人类历史上，最致命的冲突。
(bright soft music) [明快的柔美音乐]
We about Normandy, we talk about Iwo Jima and Okinawa, 我们谈论诺曼底，我们谈论硫磺岛和冲绳，
the war was also won inside the United States by factories and industry. 战争也是由美国国内的工厂和工业赢得的。
(bright music playing) [明快的音乐响起]
So in the end World War II was a triumph 所以第二次世界大战最终是
of Ford and Kaiser, Boeing and du Pont 由福特和凯泽，波音和杜邦
as well as FDR and the Soldiers of Democracy. 以及罗斯福和民主战士们打赢的。
(orchestral music playing) [管弦乐响起]
Ford shutdown Bomber production in 1945 and never built an airplane again. 福特在1945年停止了轰炸机的生产，再也没有制造过飞机。
The giant Willow Run Factory was put up for sale and bought by Henry Kaiser. 巨大的Willow Run工厂被出售，由亨利·凯泽买下。
Kaiser close to Shipyards, to once again jump into something he'd never done before, cars. 凯泽关闭了他的造船厂，再次投入他从未做过的行业，汽车业。
William Boeing returned to retirement after the war. 威廉·波音在战后回归退休生活。
Today his company's planes carry over 2 billion passengers each year. 今天，他的公司的飞机，每年运送超过20亿乘客。
(bright music playing) [明快的音乐响起]
du Pont vowed to get out of nuclear weapons,and gave all the patents to the government. 杜邦发誓要脱离核武器，并把所有的专利都给了政府。
But during the cold war, du Pont was called on once again 但在冷战期间，杜邦再次受到召唤，
and helped build the world's first hydrogen bomb. 帮助制造了世界上第一颗氢弹。
(orchestral music) [管弦乐]
Before the war, the country was politically divided 战争前，这个国家在政治上分裂，
economically divided mired in depression, 经济上分裂，深陷萧条，
the industrialist loathed the president. 实业家讨厌总统。
And yet when the war came, 然而，当战争爆发时，
all of these people came together, work together, 所有这些人团结在一起，共同努力，
and won the biggest war in the history of mankind. 赢得了人类历史上最大的战争。
It's a great lesson. 这是很好的一堂爱国主义课。
These fierce competitors are now United in order to try to achieve a common goal. 这些激烈的竞争对手现在联合起来，试图实现一个共同的目标。
So, why is that? 那么，为什么会这样？
Is it that we're all basically common good underneath it,we can work for a greater cause? 难道我们都有共同的利益，我们可以为一个更伟大的事业而奋斗?
Or were they necessarily inherently great Patriots? 或者他们天生就是伟大的爱国者?
I don't know. 我不知道。
But what I do know is I believe in the goodness of people and I believe that 但我所知道的是，我相信，人的善良，
it found the best in them and they were able to put their competition aside. 我相信，它发现了他们最好的一面，他们能够把竞争搁置一旁。
If we're not coming together to do all those things that we needed to do to win, 如果我们不团结起来，做所有那些我们需要做的事情，来获得胜利，
how would we define ourselves? 我们将如何，定义我们自己?
What would the name of this country be? 这个国家的名字是什么?
Would it be the United States of America? 会是美利坚合众国吗?
We come together during our greatest times of need 我们在最需要的时候，走到了一起，
and that's when amazing things happen. 那就是神奇的事情，发生的时候。
翻译：hardstick 校订：hardstick 时间轴：hardstick